Concerning rare-earth materials additive techniques like hollow cathode discharging or magnetron sputtering have been used to produce thin films, e.g. for the application in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). In this paper our investigations in additively processing NdFeB-powder materials by means of laser beam melting in a powder bed
Beim Laser Beam Melting handelt es sich um ein pulverbettbasiertes additives Fertigungsverfahren, das in der Industrie weit verbreitet ist. Das Fraunhofer IFAM beschäftigt sich mit der Material- und Prozessentwicklung entlang der gesamten Prozesskette des Laser Beam Meltings. Mit Hilfe unserer Pulveranalytik können Fließverhalten und
Introduction Laser Beam Melting (LBM) is nowadays the main manufacturing technique for building prototypes or parts in small series. Melting metal or polymer powders layer by layer offers geometrical freedom that cannot be achieved otherwise. This potential for complex-shaped work pieces is rarely exploited so far.
5 · Powder bed fusion using a laser beam (PBF-LB), a popular additive manufacturing process (aka 3D printing), is used for the cost-effective production of high
Das Laser Beam Melting ist ein additives Fertigungsverfahren, bei dem 3D-Bauteile digital in 2D-Schichten „geschnitten" werden. In einem Pulverbett wird der Zusammenhalt der Partikel über einen Hochleistungslaser erreicht, der die Konturen und Flächen der 2D-Schichten belichtet, wodurch das Pulver an diesen Stellen lokal aufschmilzt und sich
Beam oscillation is an attractive method to achieve melt pool and microstructure control in laser powder bed additive manufacturing. Here, in-situ X-ray imaging and high-fidelity modeling reveal
By illuminating the chip with a laser, parts of the beam can be flexibly guided onto the powder bed or into a beam trap. As laser, a single mode thulium laser (λ = 1.94 μm) is used. After melting the layer, a new layer is deposited and the process starts anew. In this paper, polypropylene and polyamide 12 are used as materials.
The laser beam melting (LBM) process is a representative additive manufacturing (AM) technique that involves rapid melting and cooling of the metal powder, layer by layer. For the higher efficiency of the special part, several materials have been studied to optimize the process condition including atmosphere for LBM [ [1], [2], [3], [4]
(b) Melting mode transitions via varying scan velocity in laser powder bed fusion. From . (c) Aspect ratio of the fused melt pool as a function of power density. The laser is a stationary beam, and the spot size and the interaction time are constants. From . (d) Depth of the fused melt pool as a function of volumetric energy density.
The complex solidification cycles experienced by multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) during laser-based additive manufacturing (LBAM) often lead to struct
Laser beam melting is an additive manufacturing process in which 3D components are digitally "cut" into 2D layers. In a powder bed, the cohesion of the particles is achieved via a high-performance laser that exposes the contours and surfaces of the 2D layers, causing the powder to melt and bond locally at these points.
Laser melting is an important industrial activity encountered in a variety of laser manufacturing processes, e.g. selective laser melting, welding, brazing, soldering, glazing, surface alloying, cladding etc. The majority of these processes are carried out by using either circular or rectangular beams. At present, the melt pool characteristics such
Laser Beam Melting (LBM), also known as Selective Laser Sintering / Melting (SLS / SLM) is an Additive Manufacturing (AM) process using a layer by layer fabrication procedure in which the laser beam energy is used to build up a 3D part from a powder bed. The basic principle of LBM comprises five steps (see Figure 1): 1.
The laser beam melting (LBM) process is a representative additive manufacturing (AM) technique that involves rapid melting and cooling of the metal powder, layer by layer. For the higher efficiency of the special part, several materials have been studied to optimize the process condition including atmosphere for LBM
Abstract: Laser Beam Melting (LBM) is a promising Additive Manufacturing technology that allows the layer-based production of complex metallic components suitable for industrial applications. Widespread application of LBM is hindered by a lack of quality management and process control. Elevated regions in produced
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a powder bed AM technology in which parts are fabricated layer by layer using the action of a high-energy beam on a powder bed. In this process, the powders are fully melted and solidified.
PBF as one of the most recognized MAMs'' methods, selectively melts layers of metal powder using a high-power beam, a process adapted for microgravity by employing a gas stream to maintain powder position instead of gravity [76]. Figure 2.
In addition, the use of a high-powered laser beam ionizes the air in the powder bed as it moves across the surface. As a result, the created plasma blows the particles away,
The laser power required to achieve complete melting of 316L along the X-ray beam path is used, which is 400 W at a scan speed of 0.05 m/s. The results show that, before laser interacted with the material (0–104 ms), γ-Fe was the dominant phase in 316L.
Abstract. The pitting corrosion behaviour of a 17-4PH martensitic stainless steel (MSS) manufactured by power bed laser beam melting (LBM) was compared to that of a wrought MSS. More noble pitting potentials were measured for LBM samples, probably due to a smaller size of NbCs as compared to wrought MSS. The metastable pits were
Once the powder is deposited, the substrate traverses toward the laser beam for subsequent melting. The process repeats until the entire part is fabricated. Once implemented, this system could have the following issues: ① Positioning the substrate at the focal spot for laser irradiation and at the specific location for powder deposition for
It explains the fundamentals of Laser Beam Melting, Electron Beam Melting and Laser Metal Deposition, and introduces the commercially available materials for the different processes. Thereafter, typical microstructures for additively manufactured steel, aluminium and titanium are presented. Special attention is paid to AM specific grain
The processing of functionally graded materials (FGMs) using laser beam melting (LBM) is a promising technique for increasing the efficiency of conventional machine components, especially for e-mobility. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to prove the manufacturability of tailored mechanical and magnetic properties in a rotor for an
A method to eliminate hot cracking phenomena for aluminium alloys in Laser Beam Melting (LBM) is presented in this paper, focused here on the 6061 alloy. 6061 is a precipitation-hardened aluminium alloy, containing magnesium and silicon as its major alloying elements. This alloy, commonly used in the aeronautic and automotive
The SLS process is mainly defined by the beam–matter interaction between powder material, laser radiation and different material characteristics by itself. However the determination of these different material characteristics is problematic because powder material imposes certain requirements that cannot sufficiently be provided by
Recent progress in the application of Laser Beam Melting (LBM) of oxide ceramics has shown promising results. However, a deeper understanding of the process is required to master and control the track development. In this approach numerical modeling could allow higher quality, of additive manufacturing for such materials, to be achieved.
We research and develop application of the additive manufacturing process laser beam melting for tool-free manufacturing of metal components with geometric peculiarities
Selective laser melting (SLM) is one of many proprietary names for a metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology that uses a bed of powder with a source of heat to create metal parts. Also known as direct metal laser sintering ( DMLS ), the ASTM standard term is powder bed fusion ( PBF ).
Laser Beam Melting (LBM) of metals is an innovative additive manufacturing technology for producing complexly shaped parts. However, the spectrum of available materials is yet limited and the qualification of further alloys is subject of ongoing research. Considering tooling applications e.g. for injection moulding low alloyed tool
Many developments on the laser beam melting (LBM) process of hot cracking prone Al alloys are focusing on the addition of Zr or Sc elements. The aim is to promote Al 3 Zr or Al 3 Sc precipitation, providing ideal low-energy heterogeneous sites for α Al phase nucleation. A duplex grain microstructure is often induced.
Considering the very fact that no reports deal with this process selection, the present manuscript aims to discuss the different selection criteria that are to be considered, in order to select the best AM process (binder jetting/selective laser melting/electron beam melting) for fabricating a specific component with a defined set
Ceramic laser beam melting offers new manufacturing possibilities for complex refractory structures. Poor absorptivity in near infra-red wavelengths of oxide ceramics is overcome with absorber addition to ceramic powders. Absorbers affect powder bed densities and geometrical stability of melted tracks. Optimum absorber content is
The oxidation behaviour of IN 718 alloys produced by laser beam melting and electron beam melting was compared to that of the wrought alloy at 850 °C in laboratory air. Oxide scales of all alloys were similar in nature and morphology with small differences due to powder particles sintered on the surface of additive manufacturing
Its non-isothermal crystallization behavior during multiple laser beam melting has been systematically investigated by Yang et al. [29] ''s experimental study. In that work, amorphous AMZ4 plates
Fabricating Ti alloy based dental implants with defined porous scaffold structure is a promising strategy for improving the osteoinduction of implants. In this study, we use Laser Beam Melting